Tamil meaning :to whet, sharpen, polish, rub, smear, anoint, smooth as the hair, inscribe, draw, belabour, thrash; n. whetting, cleansing, polishing, plastering, blow, stroke
Tamil derivates :tīr_r_u (tīr_r_i-) to smear, rub, polish (as plaster), cover and fill up a hole or crevice with mortar or clay, put on an outer coat of mortar or clay, rub and smooth the folds of a cloth, clean the teeth
Kannada :tīḍu
Kannada meaning :to press, squeeze, rub out as fire, rub with the finger as snuff, etc., rub, clean, rub or smear on, whet, sharpen
Kannada derivates :(PBh.) sīṇṭi having wiped out
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to allow food to be charred in cooking, dry up (water), cause to wither; n. fire, lamp, heat, anger; tīyal, tīcal that which is burnt in cooking; tīppi fire; tīppu scorching, blackening by fire
Malayalam :tī
Malayalam meaning :fire
Kannada :tī
Kannada meaning :to burn, scorch, singe, parch; n. fire
Kannada derivates :sī to be scorched, burnt, singed, parched; n. state of being scorched, burnt; sīkari state of being scorched; sīku that which is burnt, scorched
Tulu :cīñcuni
Tulu meaning :to be scorched, burnt
Tulu derivates :cīntuni to burn (intr.), roast as a fruit; tū, sū fire; fiery
Tamil derivates :tīvu sweetness; tīyam id., deliciousness; tēm sweetness, pleasantness, fragrance, odour, honey, honeybee, must of an elephant, toddy; titti sweetness; (-pp-, -tt-) to be sweet, savoury, delicious, pleasing; tittippu sweetness, any sweet eatable
Malayalam :tittu, tittippu
Malayalam meaning :sweetness
Kannada :sī, sīyi, siyyane, sihi
Kannada meaning :sweet
Kannada derivates :sīyāḷa a tender coconut, water of unripe coconut
Tamil meaning :to begin (tr.), occur, happen, come into being
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to commence, undertake; toṭṭu beginning with, from, since; toṭakku (toṭakki-), tuṭakku (tuṭakki-) to begin; toṭakkam, tuṭakkam beginning, origin; toṭaŋku (toṭaŋki-), tuṭaŋku (tuṭaŋki-) to begin, originate, undertake, engage in; toṭaŋkal beginning, first creation, attempt; toṭuppu commencement
Malayalam :toṭuka
Malayalam meaning :to commence
Malayalam derivates :toṭukka to commence a work; toṭṭu beginning from; tuṭaŋŋuka to begin, commence, undertake, do; tuṭaŋŋikka to cause to commence or undertake; tuṭakkam beginning; tuṭaruka to commence, undertake, do
Kannada :toḍaku, toḍaŋku, toḍagu
Kannada meaning :to engage (as in work), begin, commence, undertake
Kannada derivates :toḍagisu to cause to commence or undertake; toḍaguha beginning, undertaking; toḍavu the beginning, the bottom; (K2) toḍu to begin, start with
Tamil meaning :to put on (as a ring, clothes), wear (as shoes)
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to wear (as clothes); toṭṭatu shoes; toṭakku (toṭakki-) to wear, put on; toṭuppu sandals; toṭi bracelet; (PR) toṭalai leaf-garment; jewelled girdle
Kannada :tuḍu/toḍu (toṭṭ-)
Kannada meaning :to put on (as ornaments or clothes adapted to the body)
Kannada derivates :tuḍisu, tuḍiyisu, toḍasu, toḍisu to put on another; tuḍige, tuḍage, tuḍuge, toḍage, toḍige, toḍuge, toḍa, toḍavu, tōḍa certain clothing or dress, an ornament
Tamil meaning :to assemble, collect, accumulate, form as a whole or lump, aggregate, be summed up, totalled
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to cause to assemble, bring together, gather, sum up, total, add, summarize; tokuti assembly, collection, aggregation, society, company, association, class, flock, herd, aggregate, total; tokuppu sum total, multitude, crowd; tokai assembly, collection, association, flock, herd, swarm, school, bunch, sum, total, addition, summary; tuku (tukuv-, tukk-) to be gathered in a mass, as the hair; (-pp-, -tt-) to bring together, gather in a mass as hair
Malayalam :tuka
Malayalam meaning :sum, whole amount, assembly, collection
Malayalam derivates :tokuka to join
Number in DED :3476
Proto-South Dravidian :*toj-
Meaning :to hiss
Tamil :toy (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning :to breathe short and hard (as while suffering from asthma)
Tamil derivates :toyvu difficulty of breathing, asthma
Kodagu :tuyN- (tuyNmp-, tuyNñc-)
Kodagu meaning :(snake) hisses, (bull) snorts in anger
Tamil meaning :to languish, pine, grow weak, be weary, fatigued, fail in energy, droop, faint, flag, become slack, be loose, supple, yielding, bend through weakness or want of support
Tamil derivates :toyyal fainting, languishing, despondency, afflication; toyvu laxity, looseness as of a rope, faintness; tuyaŋku (tuyaŋki-) to be exhausted, faint; tuyakku (tuyakki-) to slacken, relax; n. fatigue, loss of strength or courage, misconception, confusion, sorrow, distraction; tuyakkam fatigue, loss of strength or courage; tuyavu mental distraction, perturbation; tuyar (-v-, -nt-) to grieve, sorrow, lament; n. affliction, grief, sorrow; tuyaraṭi fatigue, fainting, drooping, grief; tuyaram sorrow, grief, calamity, trouble, pity
Malayalam :tuyaram, tuyar
Malayalam meaning :calamity, grief, pity
Malayalam derivates :tuyaruka to grieve; tuyarkka to afflict
Number in DED :3513
Proto-South Dravidian :*tok-
Meaning :chutney, bruised leaves
Tamil :tokku, tokaiyal, tuvaiyal
Tamil meaning :chutney
Kannada :tokku
Kannada meaning :leaves or fruits bruised or pounded with a small portion of water and mixed with salt, chillies, etc.
Tamil meaning :to become extinct, perish, die, be exhausted, terminated, liquidated, end (as a way), expire (as time), be over, finished, be weary, be defeated, fail, be lost, leave, depart
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, kill, exterminate, spend, pass (as time), remove, wipe off, bring to an end, settle, lose, surpass, defeat; n. ruin, distance, great distance; tolaiccu (tolaicci-) to kill, destroy, exhaust, pay, discharge (a debt); tolaipu perishing, destruction; tolaivu completion, end, extinction, destruction, defeat, failure, fatigue, weariness, dwindling, decrease, distance; tulai (-v-, -nt-) to perish; caus. (-pp-, -tt-)
Malayalam :tulayuka
Malayalam meaning :to be at an end, die
Malayalam derivates :tulaccal end, difficulty; tulekka to consume, finish
Kannada :tolagu, tolaŋgu
Kannada meaning :to go away, depart, go aside or out of the way, retire, separate (intr.), be separated, be excluded, fail
Kannada derivates :tolagisu to cause to go away, etc.; (Hav.) tole to stand away; get rid of
Tulu :tolaguni
Tulu meaning :to depart, move away, leave, forsake, desert
Tulu derivates :(?) telavuni, telāvuni to go aside, make way, avoid, shun
Notes :B&E obviously mix two different roots here: Tulu telavuni, etc., cannot belong here. Tamil forms are dubious - tulai is regular, the others are not. Possibly borrowed from or influenced by Kannada.
Tamil meaning :to perforate, bore with an instrument
Tamil derivates :toḷkal perforating; toḷku excavation, pit; toḷḷal hole; toḷḷai hole, perforation, pit, anything tubular, fault, defect; toḷai (-pp-, -tt-) to perforate, bore; n. hole; tuḷai (-pp-, -tt-) to make a hole, bore, drill, punch, pierce as with an arrow; n. hole, orifice, aperture, perforation, hollow as of a tube, bamboo, gateway, passage, flaw in a diamond; tuḷavai hole; tōḷ (tōṭp-, tōṭṭ-) to perforate, bore through, dig out, scoop; n. hole; toṇṭi hole
Malayalam :toḷḷa
Malayalam meaning :hole, cavity
Malayalam derivates :tuḷa hole, bored hole; tuḷayuka to be perforated; tuḷekka to perforate, pierce, bore
Kannada :toḷe
Kannada meaning :hole, bored hole
Kannada derivates :toḷḷe hollow, hole, cavity, deficit, debt; ṭoḷḷe hollow, cavity; ṭoḷḷu, toḷḷu state of being hollow, void, or empty within; toli hole, socket
